Researchers from India and the U.S have examined the application of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NRGO) sponge electrodes within bioelectrochemical systems (BES) for simultaneous water and soil remediation. This approach addresses critical limitations in conventional disinfection and decontamination techniques, which often involve high energy consumption, extensive chemical usage, and the formation of secondary pollutants such as perchlorates and chlorinated byproducts.
The study highlights NRGO electrodes as an efficient and environmentally compatible platform for integrated detoxification. In aqueous systems, NRGO anodes achieved complete inactivation of Escherichia coli (5-log reduction) at a current density of 115 A m⁻², primarily through electrosorption and electroporation mechanisms, without producing chlorine-based residuals. In soil environments, embedded NRGO electrodes facilitated enhanced microbial extracellular electron transfer and pollutant adsorption, resulting in a 75% decrease in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and a 32% immobilization of lead (Pb) within 20 days.
By incorporating NRGO into a dual-function BES framework, the research demonstrates a scalable and chlorine-free strategy for integrated remediation of contaminated sites.
The findings contribute to the broader development of graphene-based carbon nanomaterials as sustainable tools for environmental detoxification and support the overarching objectives of green chemistry and circular economy frameworks.
