INBRAIN Neuroelectronics

A team of researchers, led by IMB-CNM-CSIC and ICN2, has developed a graphene-based bidirectional neural interface that can simultaneously record and modulate brain activity, overcoming a longstanding limitation in neurotechnology. The device combines graphene solution-gated field-effect transistors (gSGFETs) with nanoporous reduced graphene oxide (rGO) microelectrodes in a single, flexible platform, enabling both high-sensitivity monitoring and effective stimulation.

Neural interfaces are already used clinically to treat neurological disorders, but most current systems remain unidirectional. They typically deliver stimulation using fixed parameters, without the ability to adapt in real time to ongoing brain activity. Even in systems that can both stimulate and record, performance is often constrained - particularly when it comes to detecting very low-frequency signals, which are increasingly recognized as important biomarkers. The newly reported device addresses these challenges by integrating two complementary graphene technologies. 

INBRAIN Neuroelectronics has announced that it has completed patient recruitment in its first-in-human study evaluating its graphene cortical interface. A total of ten patients were recruited into its first-in-human study, and eight patients were treated surgically, with no perioperative device failure observed during use. Complete datasets were obtained from eight patients.

The study (NCT06368310), sponsored by the University of Manchester and conducted with Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, evaluated INBRAIN’s graphene-based cortical interface during neurosurgical procedures for brain tumor resection. The primary objective was to assess safety, with secondary objectives focused on signal quality, stability, stimulation capability, and suitability for intraoperative use with standard surgical tooling and recording equipment.

INBRAIN Neuroelectronics has announced a step forward in its long‑running collaboration with Merck, highlighting a new bidirectional, “rice‑sized” graphene BCI chip and a fresh push toward commercialization, including a speech‑decoding clinical trial.

The collaboration between INBRAIN and Merck was first established in 2021, with the goal of developing graphene‑based bioelectronic therapies for serious chronic diseases. This framework is now shifting from high‑level R&D into product‑oriented development, with Merck signaling commercialization intent around INBRAIN’s BCI‑Tx platform and its latest device iteration.

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INBRAIN Neuroelectronics has announced a strategic collaboration with Microsoft to explore the use of agentic artificial intelligence (AI) powered by Microsoft’s cloud and data infrastructure to advance real-time precision neurology and next-generation brain-computer interface (BCI) therapeutics.

The partnership will leverage Microsoft’s Azure AI infrastructure, including time-series large language models (LLMs) and data analytics capabilities, to enable INBRAIN’s intelligent neural platform to continuously learn and adapt to individual patient signals. This agentic AI approach, where AI systems act autonomously based on real-time data, has the potential to transform how neurological disorders are monitored and treated, offering closed-loop precision interventions for conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and psychiatric or memory disorders in the future.

INBRAIN Neuroelectronics, a brain-computer interface therapeutics (BCI-Tx) company developing graphene-based neural technologies, has announced it has entered into a know-how collaboration agreement with Mayo Clinic. The collaboration seeks to accelerate the development and commercialization of INBRAIN’s precision BCI-Tx for patients with unmet needs in neurological-related disorders.

As part of the collaboration, INBRAIN and Mayo Clinic experts will work together on a non-exclusive know-how exchange to engage in hands-on evaluation of INBRAIN’s investigational BCI-Tx platform in IRB-approved settings with the goal of accelerating, high-quality evidence generation.

INBRAIN Neuroelectronics has announced the interim analysis of findings from the world’s first-in-human clinical study of its graphene-based brain-computer interface (BCI) technology. The study, sponsored by the University of Manchester and conducted at the Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences (Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust), is evaluating the safety and functional performance of graphene-based electrodes when used during surgery for resection of brain tumors.

The primary objective of the study (NCT06368310) is to assess the safety of INBRAIN’s brain-computer interface (BCI) during brain tumor surgery. Secondary objectives include evaluating the quality of neural signals captured by the device, its ability to deliver targeted brain stimulation, the consistency of its performance throughout the procedure, and its overall suitability for use in the neurosurgical operating room. A total of 8 to 10 patients are expected to be enrolled to validate the safety and functional performance of the graphene-based BCI. The study design included an interim analysis after the first four patients had been recruited to ensure patient safety and data quality.

INBRAIN Neuroelectronics, a clinical-stage neurotechnology company developing graphene-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), has announced it has been awarded a €4 million grant by the Spanish Ministry of Industry and Tourism through the PERTE Chip initiative. The grant will accelerate INBRAIN’s development of brain-computer interface technology that integrates intelligent computing and graphene-based materials to decode and modulate real time brain activity for therapeutic purposes.

INBRAIN Neuroelectronics' graphene-based brain-computer interface semiconductor technology. Image credit: INBRAIN Neuroelectronics

The PERTE Chip initiative - “Strategic Project for Economic Recovery and Transformation of Microelectronics and Semiconductors” - aims to strengthen the design and production capabilities of the microelectronics and semiconductor industry in Spain from a comprehensive perspective, while promoting strategic technological autonomy for both Spain and the European Union.

INBRAIN Neuroelectronics, a brain-computer interface therapeutics (BCI-Tx) company developing graphene-based neural technologies, has announced the closing of a $50 million Series B financing round. The round was led by imec.xpand with new investors EIC Fund, Fond ICO Next Tech, CDTI-Innvierte and Avançsa. Existing investors Asabys Partners, Aliath Bioventures and Vsquared also participated, bringing the total amount raised since inception to $68 million.

In addition to the Series B round, INBRAIN also secured additional funding and support from Merck KGaA to advance the clinical development of its technology in Merck’s therapeutic areas of interest. This partnership will boost the translation of INBRAIN’s platform to human use, expanding its impact across both central and peripheral nervous system applications.

INBRAIN Neuroelectronics has announced the world’s first human procedure of its cortical interface in a patient undergoing brain tumor resection. INBRAIN’s BCI technology was able to differentiate between healthy and cancerous brain tissue with micrometer-scale precision.

This milestone represents an advancement in demonstrating the ability of graphene-based BCI technology beyond decoding and translating brain signals, to become a reliable tool for use in precision surgery in diseases such as cancer, and in neurotechnology more broadly. The study was sponsored by the University of Manchester, and primarily funded by the European Commission’s Graphene Flagship project. The clinical investigation study was conducted at Salford Royal Hospital.