G-FET

UK-based Paragraf has launched two new products expanding its graphene sensing portfolio: the PMF2002 Graphene Field-Effect Transistor (GFET) Platform and the Enterprise Reader data acquisition system, designed to work together to take users from sensor development through to data analysis.

The PMF2002 builds on Paragraf's earlier PMF2000 platform with a 12-channel multiplexing architecture that uses a common gate with separate source and drain connections, allowing simultaneous measurements across multiple sensing channels from a single sample while requiring less sample material. The sensing surface can be functionalized by customers, letting the platform be adapted for target-specific detection across applications including water quality monitoring, soil analysis, gas detection, and molecular biosensing.

A research team led by the University of California, San Diego, has demonstrated the first direct integration of an insect olfactory receptor with a graphene field-effect transistor (gFET), creating a label-free biosensor capable of selectively detecting small organic compounds (SOCs) with high sensitivity.

The work centers on MhOR5, an odorant receptor from Machilis hrabei, which was produced at scale for the first time. The researchers obtained the protein in a stable tetrameric form with approximately 80% purity, maintaining structural integrity for up to 3 months under frozen storage. This stability enabled consistent device functionalization and testing. To translate biological recognition into an electrical signal, the team fabricated wafer-scale graphene transistors and subjected 6,655 devices to electrical screening, with more than 80% passing quality control in each batch. Each chip contained an array of fifteen graphene channels (100 × 10 µm), along with coplanar gate and sensing electrodes to ensure stable liquid-gated operation.

University of Arizona researchers have demonstrated that atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) can function as highly sensitive gamma-radiation sensors, while maintaining their underlying structural integrity under exposure - an unusual combination that could be valuable for fusion energy systems and space electronics.

In a proof-of-concept study, the team fabricated field-effect transistors (FETs) based on nine-atom-wide armchair graphene nanoribbons (9-AGNRs), synthesized using a bottom-up, on-surface approach. The resulting structures were one atom thick and approximately 45 nanometers long on average, placing them in the quasi-one-dimensional regime where quantum transport effects dominate. These devices were characterized before and after gamma irradiation using Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements.

A team of researchers, led by IMB-CNM-CSIC and ICN2, has developed a graphene-based bidirectional neural interface that can simultaneously record and modulate brain activity, overcoming a longstanding limitation in neurotechnology. The device combines graphene solution-gated field-effect transistors (gSGFETs) with nanoporous reduced graphene oxide (rGO) microelectrodes in a single, flexible platform, enabling both high-sensitivity monitoring and effective stimulation.

Neural interfaces are already used clinically to treat neurological disorders, but most current systems remain unidirectional. They typically deliver stimulation using fixed parameters, without the ability to adapt in real time to ongoing brain activity. Even in systems that can both stimulate and record, performance is often constrained - particularly when it comes to detecting very low-frequency signals, which are increasingly recognized as important biomarkers. The newly reported device addresses these challenges by integrating two complementary graphene technologies. 

Researchers from Princeton University, University of Michigan, California State University and Japan's National Institute for Materials Science have introduced Qumus, an embodied AI system that can autonomously create graphene and fabricate atomically thin graphene devices in a robotic mini-laboratory.

Qumus AI architecture and fully robotic minilab. a Defining characteristics of an AI experimentalist. b Key self-evolving modules of Qumus, including LLM-agents, memory and knowledge systems, and skills including instrumental workflows and materials/devices realization recipes. c Qumus architecture for efficient multi-agent collaboration and robust performance. d A compact, fully robotic minilab consisting of vacuum- and temperature-controlled stages for 2D material mechanical exfoliation, optical flake search, flake transfer and stacking, along with robotic arms, storage modules, cameras, and microscope systems. Image from : arXiv

Qumus is built around the complete graphene workflow: from exfoliating bulk crystals to isolating single-layer flakes and stacking them into functional van der Waals (vdW) devices, all without human intervention. The system combines generative AI, computer vision and robotics to handle the labor-intensive steps that typically limit graphene research, such as flake discovery, thickness assessment and submicron alignment during transfer.

Paragraf has announced the launch of its latest Graphene Field Effect Transistor (GFET), the PMF2000, marking a step forward in scalable graphene device manufacturing.

The PMF2000 builds on Paragraf’s existing GFET technology, retaining its hallmark contamination-free graphene while introducing production on six-inch silicon wafers. This transition is enabled by the company’s new large-wafer manufacturing facility in Huntingdon - described as the world’s first graphene foundry. The move to larger wafers improves device yield and consistency, setting a new benchmark for quality and enabling reliable high-volume production.

Researchers at Penn State have developed a graphene-based field-effect transistor (GFET) architecture that improves sensor stability and sensitivity in liquid environments, marking a step toward real-time molecular detection for health, environmental, and industrial applications.

The team engineered a dual‑gate GFET that integrates a high‑κ hafnium dioxide (HfO₂) local back gate with an electrolyte top gate, coupled through a real‑time feedback control loop. This novel configuration enables capacitive signal amplification while suppressing gate leakage and low‑frequency noise - two sources of instability that have long limited the performance of conventional single‑gate GFETs used in liquid sensing.

Paragraf, the UK-based company commercializing graphene-based electronics using standard semiconductor processes, has announced an expansion of its product offerings with the introduction of a GFET Discovery Kit.

The Discovery Kit, which provides molecular sensing researchers the ability to process samples immediately, is now available. The kit provides an easy-to-assemble platform for molecular sensing experiments. By integrating Paragraf’s GFET-PV01 devices with a PalmSens EmStat Pico MUX16 data acquisition system and pre-configured accessories, the Discovery Kit removes the complexity of hardware selection, wiring and setup that typically slows down laboratory exploration.

Graphenea Semiconductor, a leading graphene foundry company and Melexis (Euronext Brussels: MELE), a global supplier of micro-electronic semiconductor solutions, have announced a strategic collaboration to accelerate the development and evaluation of Melexis’ integrated GFET-on-CMOS platform for advanced biosensing.

The initiative aims to address some of the key challenges in biosensor adoption: simplifying complex readout electronics and improving sensitivity while ensuring reliability and scalability. By combining Melexis’ expertise in semiconductor integration with Graphenea’s knowhow in graphene transistors, the collaboration represents a step from laboratory prototypes to real-world deployment. Potential applications include medical diagnostics, such as cancer biomarker detection, neurological and infectious diseases detection, and broader biosensing applications like environmental sensing of PFAS.

A few days ago, the International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) and University of Minho (UMinho) signed a licensing agreement with IPLEXMED, a spin-out company specializing in advanced medical diagnostics. The agreement grants the company rights to commercialize a new graphene-based diagnostic platform. 

The technology, developed under the MULTIMAL project and patented in 2024 with the support of HORIZON 2020, utilizes monolayer graphene field-effect transistor (FET) sensors. These sensors are functionalized for the non-invasive, rapid, and highly sensitive detection of malaria and other diseases, delivering attomolar-level performance from saliva or urine samples.